{
  "capability_id": "electrical.mosfet.total_loss",
  "tool_id": "mosfet-total-loss",
  "engine": "mosfet-total-loss",
  "calculation_version": "1.1.2",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-21T16:00:36.014Z",
  "engine_build": "2026-09-10",
  "test_count": 39,
  "passed": 39,
  "failed": 0,
  "tests_summary": {
    "golden": {
      "total": 7,
      "passed": 7
    },
    "boundary": {
      "total": 22,
      "passed": 22
    },
    "property": {
      "total": 8,
      "passed": 8
    },
    "formula_crosscheck": {
      "total": 2,
      "passed": 2
    }
  },
  "engine_tested": true,
  "expert_reviewed": false,
  "internally_reviewed": true,
  "review_kind": "internal",
  "source_checked": true,
  "reviewed_by": "CalculatorX electrical review (EE-001)",
  "reviewer_role": "electrical-engineer",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-08-19",
  "expert_review": {
    "status": "not_applicable",
    "reviewer": null,
    "note": "Internal domain review completed; not a named external expert review.",
    "kind": "internal"
  },
  "internal_review": {
    "status": "approved",
    "reviewer": {
      "name": "CalculatorX electrical review (EE-001)",
      "role": "electrical-engineer"
    },
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-19",
    "scope": [
      "formula",
      "input semantics",
      "assumptions",
      "limitations",
      "sources",
      "tests"
    ],
    "kind": "internal"
  },
  "page": "https://www.calculatorx.com/calc/electric/mosfet-total-loss",
  "api": "https://www.calculatorx.com/api/v1/calc/mosfet-total-loss",
  "schema_input": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.mosfet.total_loss.input.json",
  "schema_output": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.mosfet.total_loss.output.json",
  "assumptions": [
    "Hard-switching linear V/I overlap.",
    "Conduction current_basis contract is identical to electrical.mosfet.conduction_loss.",
    "Coss term is lumped or Eoss-at-Vds — not a Qoss(V) integral.",
    "P_gate is drive-circuit power, not die dissipation.",
    "P_rr is commutation loss, usually not this MOSFET.",
    "Tj_est is steady-state RthJA of P_device only."
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "First-order hard-switching workspace — not Eon/Eoff tables, Qoss(V) curves, or compact models",
    "Conduction uses electrical.mosfet.conduction_loss; switching/gate use electrical.mosfet.switching_loss",
    "Default α = 0.006 /°C is a Si planning default, not manufacturer validated",
    "P_coss from ½·Coss·V²·f is a lumped equivalent — prefer datasheet Eoss at Vds",
    "Overlap P_sw plus P_coss may overestimate due to double counting; first-order only — validate against measured Eon/Eoff",
    "P_rr = Qrr·Vds·f is recovered-charge commutation loss, usually attributed to the complementary switch — not this die",
    "P_gate is gate-drive power (driver + Rg + Rg,int) — not MOSFET junction dissipation; Tj_est uses P_device only",
    "Tj_est is steady-state RthJA only — not Zth or CFD",
    "Numeric 0 on omitted P_gate/P_coss/P_rr means not included (see terms_omitted), not a measured zero",
    "Optional Qg/Coss/Eoss/Qrr if present must be > 0; explicit 0 is not yet a supported known-zero state",
    "Qg and Vdrive must both be present or both omitted (else NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS)"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "Missing required conduction or switching field → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
    "≤ 0 on required positives → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
    "Non-finite number → INVALID_NUMBER",
    "D not in (0, 1] when applied → FRACTION_OUT_OF_RANGE",
    "Qg XOR Vdrive → NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS",
    "Unknown current_basis, temperature_model, or coss_model → INVALID_MODE",
    "coss_model=eoss without Eoss, or coss_eq without Coss → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
    "Optional Qg/Coss/Eoss/Qrr if present must be > 0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE (explicit 0 is not yet a supported known-zero state; omit for unknown)",
    "Coss and Eoss both set → warning EOSS_OVERRIDES_COSS (Eoss wins)",
    "Only one of Ta_C / Rth_JA → warning THERMAL_NOT_APPLIED",
    "current_basis=dc with f_sw > 0 → info DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
    "Qg+Vdrive present → info GATE_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
    "Qrr present → info QRR_NOT_IN_DEVICE"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Infineon — OptiMOS device selection for synchronous rectification",
      "section": "Conduction losses P_cond = I_RMS² × RDS(on)",
      "url": "https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-MOSFET_OptiMOS_device_selection_for_synchronous_rectification-ApplicationNotes-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=8ac78c8c85ecb34701865afe0f7d3f05",
      "supports": "MOSFET RMS current (not converter output current) for conduction; first-order loss stack",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-08-14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Texas Instruments SLYT664 — MOSFET power losses and how they affect power-supply efficiency",
      "section": "Conduction, switching, gate, and output capacitance",
      "url": "https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/slyt664",
      "supports": "P_cond = I_RMS²·RDS(on); P_sw ≈ ½·V·I·(tr+tf)·f; P_gate = Qg·Vdrive·f",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-08-14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Texas Instruments SLUA618 — Fundamentals of MOSFET and IGBT Gate Driver Circuits",
      "section": "Gate-drive energy split among driver and gate resistance",
      "url": "https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/slua618",
      "supports": "P_gate is not entirely dissipated in the MOSFET junction",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-08-16"
    },
    {
      "title": "Erickson & Maksimović — Fundamentals of Power Electronics",
      "section": "Semiconductor conduction and switching loss",
      "supports": "I_rms conduction and linear-transition switching estimates",
      "kind": "reference"
    }
  ],
  "methods": [],
  "fingerprint": "sha256:63796283361c5a2cc011efc022665fc2401eee8cd2aa34530424d3f8836e4702",
  "tests": [
    {
      "id": "pwm-on-interval",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "on_interval_rms",
        "D": 0.5,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_cond_W": 2.5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_device_W": 4.66,
        "P_total_W": 4.66,
        "dominant_included": "conduction"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 4.66,
        "P_device_W": 4.66,
        "P_cond_W": 2.5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 0.5,
        "current_basis": "on_interval_rms",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "cond-plus-sw",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "dominant_included": "conduction"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "with-gate-eoss-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10,
        "Eoss": 0.00001,
        "Qrr": 1e-7
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.05,
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "P_device_W": 8.16,
        "P_total_W": 8.69,
        "coss_model": "eoss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 8.690000000000001,
        "P_device_W": 8.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.049999999999999996,
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10,
        "coss_model": "eoss",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "gate",
          "eoss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "eoss"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 5,
        "Eoss": 0.00001,
        "Qrr": 1e-7,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          },
          {
            "code": "GATE_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "P_gate is gate-drive power (driver + Rg + Rg,int). It is not included in MOSFET device dissipation or Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Use P_device_W for junction temperature; keep P_gate_W in converter / driver budget."
          },
          {
            "code": "QRR_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Qrr-related commutation loss is usually attributed to the complementary switch. It is not included in this MOSFET’s Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Treat P_rr_W as associated converter loss, not this die’s dissipation."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "coss-eq",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Coss": 1e-9
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_coss_W": 0.1152,
        "P_device_W": 7.2752,
        "P_total_W": 7.2752,
        "coss_model": "coss_eq"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.2752,
        "P_device_W": 7.2752,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0.11520000000000001,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "coss_eq",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "coss"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "coss"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 3,
        "Coss": 1e-9,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "hot-rds-ratio",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "rds_ratio": 1.44,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_cond_W": 7.2,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_device_W": 9.36,
        "P_total_W": 9.36
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 9.36,
        "P_device_W": 9.36,
        "P_cond_W": 7.199999999999999,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.72,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.072,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "ratio",
        "rds_ratio": 1.44,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2,
        "P_cond_W_ref": 5,
        "Tref_C": 25,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "tj-from-rth",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Ta_C": 25,
        "Rth_JA": 10
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "Tj_est_C": 96.6
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2,
        "Tj_est_C": 96.6,
        "Ta_C": 25,
        "Rth_JA": 10,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "xref-ti-slyt664-sum",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "formula_crosscheck",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.05,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_total_W": 7.21
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.21,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.049999999999999996,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "gate"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 3,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          },
          {
            "code": "GATE_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "P_gate is gate-drive power (driver + Rg + Rg,int). It is not included in MOSFET device dissipation or Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Use P_device_W for junction temperature; keep P_gate_W in converter / driver budget."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "xref-infineon-eoss-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "formula_crosscheck",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Eoss": 0.00001,
        "Qrr": 1e-7
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "P_device_W": 8.16,
        "P_total_W": 8.64
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 8.64,
        "P_device_W": 8.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "eoss",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "eoss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "eoss"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 4,
        "Eoss": 0.00001,
        "Qrr": 1e-7,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          },
          {
            "code": "QRR_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Qrr-related commutation loss is usually attributed to the complementary switch. It is not included in this MOSFET’s Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Treat P_rr_W as associated converter loss, not this die’s dissipation."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "device-excludes-gate-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10,
        "Qrr": 1e-7,
        "Ta_C": 25,
        "Rth_JA": 10
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.05,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "P_total_W": 7.69,
        "Tj_est_C": 96.6
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.6899999999999995,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0.049999999999999996,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0.48,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8,
        "Vdrive": 10,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "gate",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "coss"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 4,
        "Qrr": 1e-7,
        "Tj_est_C": 96.6,
        "Ta_C": 25,
        "Rth_JA": 10,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          },
          {
            "code": "GATE_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "P_gate is gate-drive power (driver + Rg + Rg,int). It is not included in MOSFET device dissipation or Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Use P_device_W for junction temperature; keep P_gate_W in converter / driver budget."
          },
          {
            "code": "QRR_NOT_IN_DEVICE",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Qrr-related commutation loss is usually attributed to the complementary switch. It is not included in this MOSFET’s Tj_est.",
            "suggestion": "Treat P_rr_W as associated converter loss, not this die’s dissipation."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-missing-I",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "I is required"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-missing-tr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "tr is required"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-qg-only",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": 5e-8
      },
      "expectError": "NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS",
      "code": "NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS",
      "error": "Qg and Vdrive must both be provided for gate loss"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-I",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 0,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "I must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-negative-I",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": -1,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "I must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-Rds",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "Rds must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-Vds",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 0,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "Vds must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-negative-tr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": -5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "tr must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-f_sw",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 0
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "f_sw must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-invalid-basis",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "peak",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "INVALID_MODE",
      "code": "INVALID_MODE",
      "error": "current_basis must be dc, on_interval_rms, or full_cycle_rms"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-invalid-temp-model",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "temperature_model": "arrhenius"
      },
      "expectError": "INVALID_MODE",
      "code": "INVALID_MODE",
      "error": "temperature_model must be none, linear, or ratio"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-invalid-coss-model",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "coss_model": "qoss"
      },
      "expectError": "INVALID_MODE",
      "code": "INVALID_MODE",
      "error": "coss_model must be none, coss_eq, or eoss"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-duty",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "on_interval_rms",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "D": 0
      },
      "expectError": "FRACTION_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "code": "FRACTION_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "error": "D must be in (0, 1]"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-bad-duty",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "on_interval_rms",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "D": 1.5
      },
      "expectError": "FRACTION_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "code": "FRACTION_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "error": "D must be in (0, 1]"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-nan-I",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": "n/a",
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "INVALID_NUMBER",
      "code": "INVALID_NUMBER",
      "error": "I must be a finite number"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-inf-Vds",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": "Infinity",
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000
      },
      "expectError": "INVALID_NUMBER",
      "code": "INVALID_NUMBER",
      "error": "Vds must be a finite number"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-eoss-needs-energy",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "coss_model": "eoss"
      },
      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "Eoss is required when coss_model=eoss"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-coss-eq-needs-coss",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "coss_model": "coss_eq"
      },
      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "Coss is required when coss_model=coss_eq"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-zero-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qrr": 0
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "Qrr must be greater than zero"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ta-only",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Ta_C": 25
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_device_W": 7.16
      },
      "expectWarning": "THERMAL_NOT_APPLIED",
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "THERMAL_NOT_APPLIED",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Tj estimate needs both Ta_C and Rth_JA.",
            "suggestion": "Provide ambient temperature and junction-to-ambient thermal resistance."
          },
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-rth-only",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Rth_JA": 10
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_device_W": 7.16
      },
      "expectWarning": "THERMAL_NOT_APPLIED",
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 7.16,
        "P_device_W": 7.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 0,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "none",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "coss",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 2,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "THERMAL_NOT_APPLIED",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Tj estimate needs both Ta_C and Rth_JA.",
            "suggestion": "Provide ambient temperature and junction-to-ambient thermal resistance."
          },
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-eoss-overrides-coss",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Coss": 1e-9,
        "Eoss": 0.00001
      },
      "expect": {
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_device_W": 8.16
      },
      "expectWarning": "EOSS_OVERRIDES_COSS",
      "actual": {
        "P_total_W": 8.16,
        "P_device_W": 8.16,
        "P_cond_W": 5,
        "P_sw_W": 2.16,
        "P_gate_W": 0,
        "P_coss_W": 1,
        "P_rr_W": 0,
        "V_drop": 0.5,
        "I": 10,
        "Rds": 0.05,
        "Rds_Tj": 0.05,
        "D": 1,
        "current_basis": "dc",
        "temperature_model": "none",
        "rds_ratio": 1,
        "Vds": 48,
        "Id": 10,
        "tr": 5e-8,
        "tf": 4e-8,
        "f_sw": 100000,
        "Qg": null,
        "Vdrive": null,
        "coss_model": "eoss",
        "terms_applied": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "eoss"
        ],
        "terms_omitted": [
          "gate",
          "reverse_recovery"
        ],
        "terms_in_device": [
          "conduction",
          "switching",
          "eoss"
        ],
        "dominant_included": "conduction",
        "included_count": 3,
        "Eoss": 0.00001,
        "warnings": [
          {
            "code": "EOSS_OVERRIDES_COSS",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "Eoss is the source of truth for coss_model=eoss; Coss is not applied."
          },
          {
            "code": "DC_CURRENT_WITH_SWITCHING",
            "severity": "info",
            "detail": "DC assumes continuous current through the MOSFET. For PWM operation, consider on-interval RMS + duty or full-cycle RMS.",
            "suggestion": "Use current_basis=on_interval_rms with D, or full_cycle_rms for MOSFET RMS current."
          }
        ]
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "property-sum-core",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "P_device = P_total = P_cond + P_sw when extras omitted",
      "expect": 7.16,
      "actual": 7.16
    },
    {
      "id": "property-pwm-duty",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "on-interval RMS · D=0.5 scales conduction only",
      "expect": 4.66,
      "actual": 4.66
    },
    {
      "id": "property-gate-adds",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "gate adds to associated total only",
      "expect": 7.21,
      "actual": 7.21
    },
    {
      "id": "property-eoss",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "Eoss·f is in P_device",
      "expect": 8.16,
      "actual": 8.16
    },
    {
      "id": "property-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "Qrr is associated, not device",
      "expect": 0.48,
      "actual": 0.48
    },
    {
      "id": "property-tj",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "Tj = Ta + P_device·Rth",
      "expect": 96.6,
      "actual": 96.6
    },
    {
      "id": "property-tj-ignores-gate-qrr",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "Tj ignores P_gate and P_rr",
      "expect": 96.6,
      "actual": 96.6
    },
    {
      "id": "property-hot-cond",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "property",
      "detail": "rds_ratio scales conduction only",
      "expect": 7.2,
      "actual": 7.199999999999999
    }
  ],
  "tier": "internally_reviewed",
  "verification": {
    "tests": {
      "passed": 39,
      "total": 39,
      "golden": 7,
      "boundary": 22,
      "property": 8,
      "formula_crosscheck": 2
    },
    "contract_checks": {
      "passed": 20,
      "total": 20
    }
  },
  "evidence_core_generated_at": "2026-09-05T02:35:39.217Z",
  "rendered_at": "2026-09-21T16:00:36.014Z",
  "release_integrity": {
    "status": "verified",
    "scope": "workspace",
    "production_attestation_required": true,
    "calculation_version": "1.1.2",
    "artifacts": {
      "engine": "1.1.2",
      "page": "1.1.2",
      "capability": "1.1.2",
      "evidence": "1.1.2",
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      "output_schema": "1.1.2",
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      "engine_sha256": "925bd3b9c373f747a10f30cedc6352b3f419cf91144ae6744c9c9adcd703033c",
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    "contract_checks": {
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      "passed": 20,
      "failed": 0,
      "items": [
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          "status": "pass",
          "detail": "1.1.2"
        },
        {
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          "detail": "1.1.2"
        },
        {
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          "status": "pass",
          "detail": "1.1.2"
        },
        {
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          "status": "pass",
          "detail": "1.1.2"
        },
        {
          "id": "evidence-version-matches-manifest",
          "status": "pass",
          "detail": "1.1.2"
        },
        {
          "id": "schema-output-required-declared",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "schema-valid-input-executes",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-success-output-validates-schema",
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        },
        {
          "id": "schema-rejects-incomplete-input",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "temperature-linear-schema-requires-Tj_C",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "temperature-ratio-schema-requires-rds_ratio",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "share-url-roundtrip-dc",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "share-url-roundtrip-pwm",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "qg-xor-vdrive-rejected",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "schema-rejects-qg-without-vdrive",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "schema-rejects-incomplete-coss-mode",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "device-excludes-gate-qrr",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "omitted-terms-listed",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "eoss-overrides-coss",
          "status": "pass"
        },
        {
          "id": "rest-success-payload-validates-schema",
          "status": "pass"
        }
      ]
    },
    "report": "https://www.calculatorx.com/.well-known/calculatorx-release-integrity.json"
  }
}