{
  "capability_id": "electrical.voltage_divider",
  "tool_id": "voltage-divider",
  "engine": "voltage-divider",
  "calculation_version": "1.4.0",
  "generated_at": "2026-08-13T15:13:07.728Z",
  "engine_build": "2026-08-13",
  "test_count": 29,
  "passed": 29,
  "failed": 0,
  "tests_summary": {
    "golden": {
      "passed": 9,
      "total": 9
    },
    "boundary": {
      "passed": 12,
      "total": 12
    },
    "property": {
      "passed": 8,
      "total": 8
    }
  },
  "engine_tested": true,
  "expert_reviewed": false,
  "internally_reviewed": false,
  "review_kind": null,
  "source_checked": true,
  "reviewed_by": null,
  "reviewer_role": null,
  "last_reviewed": null,
  "expert_review": {
    "status": "review_required",
    "reviewer": null,
    "scope": [
      "formula",
      "input semantics",
      "assumptions",
      "limitations",
      "sources",
      "tests"
    ],
    "note": "Pending named expert approval per REVIEW.md. Do not treat as critical-engineering-ready."
  },
  "internal_review": {
    "status": "not_applicable",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "page": "https://www.calculatorx.com/calc/electric/voltage-divider",
  "api": "https://www.calculatorx.com/api/v1/calc/voltage-divider",
  "schema_input": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.voltage_divider.input.json",
  "schema_output": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.voltage_divider.output.json",
  "assumptions": [
    "No load on Vout",
    "DC / resistive",
    "R1 from Vin to tap; R2 from tap to ground"
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "Unloaded two-resistor divider only",
    "Fewer than three inputs → NEEDS_THREE_INPUTS",
    "Solving R1/R2 requires Vin > Vout > 0 (INVALID_DIVIDER_VOLTAGES otherwise)",
    "R1+R2=0 when solving Vout → RESISTANCE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
    "Not for loaded dividers, AC reactive dividers, or RF"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "Fewer than three of Vin,R1,R2,Vout → NEEDS_THREE_INPUTS",
    "Negative inputs → VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE",
    "Non-finite inputs → INVALID_NUMBER",
    "Solving R1/R2 when not (Vin > Vout > 0) → INVALID_DIVIDER_VOLTAGES",
    "R1+R2=0 when solving Vout, or R2=0 when solving Vin → RESISTANCE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
    "Vin=0 with R1,R2>0 → Vout=0, I=0 (valid)"
  ],
  "sources": [
    "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Potential divider / voltage divider (series resistive divider) — Vout = Vin × R2 / (R1 + R2); I = Vin / (R1 + R2) (https://www.electropedia.org/)",
    "NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811) — Volt, ohm, and ampere in circuit analysis — SI units for voltage, resistance, and series current (https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811)",
    "BIPM SI Brochure (9th edition) — SI base and derived units for volt, ohm, ampere, and watt — Unit relationships for V, Ω, A, W used in divider power (https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure)"
  ],
  "fingerprint": "sha256:c2273d793d96b39c236f197ca0b1f015d9149c296c3f4c32327de6d96b409881",
  "tier": "verified",
  "tests": [],
  "disclosure": {
    "policy": "calculatorx-public-evidence-v1",
    "full_validation": "private",
    "representation": "summary"
  }
}