{
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  "engine": "incline-slip-or-tip",
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    "scope": [
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      "assumptions",
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      "sources",
      "tests"
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  "assumptions": [],
  "limitations": [
    "The block is a homogeneous rectangle",
    "The only force is its own weight",
    "b is the base along the incline and h is the height perpendicular to it",
    "Not a horizontal force on a level surface, a wedge, a screw, or a belt"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "missing μ, b, or h → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
    "b ≤ 0 or h ≤ 0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
    "μ < 0 → VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics: Statics",
      "section": "Dry friction — tipping or slipping of a block on an incline",
      "supports": "Impending slip down the plane is tanθ = μ. A homogeneous rectangle tips about the downhill edge when tanθ = b/h.",
      "kind": "reference"
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  "methods": [],
  "fingerprint": "sha256:39e1e0eadeeb7236b1b70c08a6a0a12361d3af4f406382da91a2fcb7f1bf1603",
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      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "mu": 1,
        "b": 2,
        "h": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "mode": "either",
        "theta_deg": 45,
        "theta_slip_deg": 45,
        "theta_tip_deg": 45,
        "model": "incline_slip_or_tip"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "model": "incline_slip_or_tip",
        "mu": 1,
        "b": 2,
        "h": 2,
        "mode": "either",
        "theta_deg": 45,
        "theta_slip_deg": 45,
        "theta_tip_deg": 45,
        "solver": "incline friction + moment about the downhill edge",
        "convention": "A homogeneous rectangle rests on the incline under its own weight. b is the base along the incline. h is the height perpendicular to the incline. θslip is the friction angle. θtip is the angle where the vertical through the center passes through the downhill edge, so tanθtip = b/h. The smaller angle happens first as the incline is raised."
      },
      "tol": 1e-9
    },
    {
      "id": "golden-slip",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "mu": 0,
        "b": 2,
        "h": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "mode": "slip",
        "theta_deg": 0,
        "theta_slip_deg": 0,
        "theta_tip_deg": 45
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      "actual": {
        "model": "incline_slip_or_tip",
        "mu": 0,
        "b": 2,
        "h": 2,
        "mode": "slip",
        "theta_deg": 0,
        "theta_slip_deg": 0,
        "theta_tip_deg": 45,
        "solver": "incline friction + moment about the downhill edge",
        "convention": "A homogeneous rectangle rests on the incline under its own weight. b is the base along the incline. h is the height perpendicular to the incline. θslip is the friction angle. θtip is the angle where the vertical through the center passes through the downhill edge, so tanθtip = b/h. The smaller angle happens first as the incline is raised."
      },
      "tol": 1e-9
    },
    {
      "id": "golden-tip",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "golden",
      "inputs": {
        "mu": 1,
        "b": 1,
        "h": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "mode": "tip",
        "theta_deg": 26.56505117707799,
        "theta_slip_deg": 45,
        "theta_tip_deg": 26.56505117707799
      },
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        "mu": 1,
        "b": 1,
        "h": 2,
        "mode": "tip",
        "theta_deg": 26.56505117707799,
        "theta_slip_deg": 45,
        "theta_tip_deg": 26.56505117707799,
        "solver": "incline friction + moment about the downhill edge",
        "convention": "A homogeneous rectangle rests on the incline under its own weight. b is the base along the incline. h is the height perpendicular to the incline. θslip is the friction angle. θtip is the angle where the vertical through the center passes through the downhill edge, so tanθtip = b/h. The smaller angle happens first as the incline is raised."
      },
      "tol": 1e-9
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    {
      "id": "boundary-mu",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "mu": -0.1,
        "b": 2,
        "h": 2
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "code": "VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "error": "mu must be non-negative."
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      "id": "boundary-base",
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        "b": 0,
        "h": 2
      },
      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
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      "inputs": {
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        "b": 2,
        "h": 0
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      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
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      "id": "boundary-missing",
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      "inputs": {
        "mu": 1,
        "b": 2
      },
      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "h is required."
    }
  ],
  "tier": "engine_tested",
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