{
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  "failed": 0,
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      "passed": 2
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    "boundary": {
      "total": 10,
      "passed": 10
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    "property": {
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  "expert_reviewed": false,
  "internally_reviewed": false,
  "review_kind": null,
  "source_checked": true,
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  "reviewer_role": null,
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    "scope": [
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      "input semantics",
      "assumptions",
      "limitations",
      "sources",
      "tests"
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    "note": "Domain expert review is optional under CVP (CVP-EXP-01). Absence does not block CVP Verified. See Review policy for supplemental domain assurance."
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  "internal_review": {
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    "reviewer": null
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  "assumptions": [
    "h_m = K v² / (2g); g = 9.80665 m/s² unless given",
    "K is an empirical fitting coefficient; not Darcy f",
    "Not equivalent length L_eq = K D / f",
    "Not Hazen–Williams, not orifice, not Q=Av"
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "Minor loss h_m = K v² / (2g); optional Δp = ρ g h_m",
    "K is an empirical fitting coefficient; not Darcy f, not equivalent length",
    "Not Darcy–Weisbach, not Hazen–Williams, not orifice, not Q=Av"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "missing K or v when required → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
    "v ≤ 0, or K < 0, or hm < 0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE or VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
    "f, L, D, L_eq, C, n, C_d, Q, A, or Re → MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
    "darcy, hazen, orifice, or manning as mode → INVALID_MODE"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "ISO 80000-4 — Mechanics",
      "section": "Hydraulic head and kinetic energy",
      "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/31895.html",
      "supports": "Head has dimension of length; dynamic head v²/(2g)",
      "kind": "standard"
    },
    {
      "title": "White, F.M. Fluid Mechanics",
      "section": "Minor losses in pipe systems",
      "supports": "h_m = K v²/(2g) for valves, bends, and fittings; K is empirical",
      "kind": "reference"
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  ],
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  "fingerprint": "sha256:33f090c0ef609888c5607ace8828864f3bb2f986b7d72cc111d73da15365e5d0",
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      "ok": true,
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      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "mode": "head_loss",
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "mode": "head_loss",
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
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      "ok": true,
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      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "rho": 1000
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      "expect": {
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "dP_Pa": 1000,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "mode": "head_loss",
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "model": "minor_loss",
        "rho": 1000,
        "dP_Pa": 1000
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-k",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "mode": "K",
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283
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      "expect": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "mode": "K",
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-v",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
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        "K": 0.5,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283
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      "expect": {
        "v": 2,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "mode": "velocity",
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0.10197162129779283,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-zero",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0,
        "v": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "hm": 0,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "expectWarning": null,
      "actual": {
        "mode": "head_loss",
        "K": 0,
        "v": 2,
        "hm": 0,
        "g": 9.80665,
        "model": "minor_loss"
      },
      "tol": 1e-12
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-missing",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5
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      "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
      "error": "v is required"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-v0",
      "ok": true,
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        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 0
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      "expectError": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "code": "VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
      "error": "v must be greater than zero"
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    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-kneg",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": -0.1,
        "v": 2
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      "expectError": "VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "code": "VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
      "error": "K must be ≥ 0"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-f",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "f": 0.02
      },
      "expectError": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "code": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "error": "Minor loss does not take Darcy f, L, D, or equivalent length. That is /calc/physics/darcy-weisbach"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-c",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "C": 120
      },
      "expectError": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "code": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "error": "Minor loss does not take Hazen–Williams C. Give K. That is /calc/physics/hazen-williams"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-q",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
        "v": 2,
        "Q": 0.02
      },
      "expectError": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "code": "MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
      "error": "Minor loss does not take Q or A. That is Q=Av. Give v"
    },
    {
      "id": "boundary-ml-darcy",
      "ok": true,
      "kind": "boundary",
      "inputs": {
        "K": 0.5,
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        "mode": "darcy"
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      "expectError": "INVALID_MODE",
      "code": "INVALID_MODE",
      "error": "mode must be head_loss|K|velocity. Not Darcy, Hazen–Williams, orifice, or Q=Av"
    },
    {
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      "detail": "hm ∝ v²",
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      "kind": "property",
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