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    "Borghei 1999 sharp-crested side weir: Q=(2/3) C_d L √(2g) (y1−p)^{3/2}; C_d=0.71−0.41 Fr₁−0.22(p/y1); SI B, L, y1, p, Q1, Q; C_d is reported",
    "Rectangular channel; subcritical Fr₁∈[0.1, 0.9]; p/y1∈[0.1, 0.9]; y1>p; free lateral overflow; De Marchi-type C_d, not a given frontal C_d",
    "Not thin-plate frontal weir, not ogee Hd, not sluice a b √(2g y1), not Manning n, not Q=Av, not submerged y2"
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  "limitations": [
    "Borghei 1999 sharp-crested side weir: Q=(2/3) C_d L √(2g) (y1−p)^{3/2}; C_d=0.71−0.41 Fr₁−0.22(p/y1); SI B, L, y1, p, Q1, Q; C_d is reported",
    "Rectangular channel; subcritical Fr₁∈[0.1, 0.9]; p/y1∈[0.1, 0.9]; y1>p; free lateral overflow; De Marchi-type C_d, not a given frontal C_d",
    "Not thin-plate frontal weir, not ogee Hd, not sluice a b √(2g y1), not Manning n, not Q=Av, not submerged y2"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "missing B, y1, p, Q1, L, or Q when required → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT",
    "Cd, weir H, ogee P/Hd, sluice a/b, Manning n/R/S, Q=Av v, orifice A/d, flume Ha/L_f → MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING",
    "Fr₁ outside [0.1, 0.9], p/y1 outside [0.1, 0.9], or y1≤p → VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE",
    "mode=rectangular|ogee|sluice or unknown mode → MIXED_INPUT_ENCODING or INVALID_MODE"
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    {
      "title": "Borghei, Jalili & Ghodsian — Discharge Coefficient for Sharp-Crested Side Weir in Subcritical Flow",
      "section": "Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1999",
      "supports": "C_d = 0.71 − 0.41 Fr₁ − 0.22 (p/y1) for rectangular sharp-crested side weirs in subcritical flow",
      "kind": "reference"
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    {
      "title": "ISO 80000-4 — Mechanics",
      "section": "Volume flow rate",
      "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/31895.html",
      "supports": "Q is volume flow; B, L, y1, and p are lengths",
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