HomeCalculatorsMathNumber Theory & Discrete MathModular Inverse Calculator
Math calculator

Modular Inverse Calculator

Modular inverse of a modulo m when gcd(a,m)=1. Same engine as Euclidean remainder. Not a second GCF page. Runs locally.

Instant result
Result
—

Enter values to calculate.

Inputs—
Mode—
Formula—
Trust summary CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Core assurance · all published modes
Input interpretation
Enter values to calculate.
Result
—
Verified scope
all published modes
Assurance
Core
Declared partition coverage
PASS · 3/3 declared partitions (remainder, inverse, invalid-domain) · Matrix
Known limitations
  • Core CVP does not include live graph, viewport, or pointer interaction.
Model
x in [0, |m|) with a x ≡ 1 (mod m) when gcd(a,m)=1.
Scope
Integers
Verification
Engine tested · Specification checked · v1.1.0 · CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Core assurance · all published modes· View Manifest · CVP overview · Specification
Versions
Calculation 1.1.0 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Evidence 2026-09-22.discrete-algebra-cvp
Verification revision
2026-09-22.discrete-algebra-cvp · 2/2 property · digest cde98c79d749
Legacy regression
13/13 tests · Production surface contract 6/6
Trust layers
Verification VERIFIED · Production CURRENT · Overall CVP state: VERIFIED under CVP 1.0.0-proposed
Reference
O1 model · O2 expected_values · O2 numerical_behavior
Interfaces
PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP — ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session. Error-path engine·REST·MCP 1/1 (status, code, calculation_version). SSR compared on URL-canonical requested calculations; empty query is idle (not an error) and JSON-typed object/array inputs are REST/MCP-only.
Supplemental domain review
Not performed
Named expert review
Not performed
CVP suite
5/5 golden · 5/5 CVP boundary · 8/8 invalid · 2/2 property · 3/3 cross-interface · 1/1 cross-calculator · 6/6 CVP contract · Manifest
Specification basis
  • ISO 80000-2:2019 Quantities and units — Mathematics
  • Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, extended Euclidean algorithm
Specification basis
Evidence
3 legacy golden · 4 legacy boundary · legacy regression suite · 5/5 oracle-backed golden · 8/8 invalid · Artifact integrity PASS
This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.1.0 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓
Semantic contract
PASS
Full verification

Manifest identity, reference classes, interfaces, suite, and production records.

Formulas

Core equations used by this calculator.

Congruencea x ≡ 1 (mod m)
Bézouta x + m y = 1
iExtended Euclidean algorithm. Inverse is returned in [0, |m|). |m| ≥ 2. gcd(a,m) must be 1. Not JavaScript %. Integers only. Float64 is not used.

How to use

1

Enter a and a modulus

|m| ≥ 2. Remainder still lives at /calc/math/modulo.

2

Read the inverse

If gcd ≠ 1 the engine returns NOT_INVERTIBLE. GCF is /calc/math/gcf.

Example calculations

Common configurations with formula and result.

ϟ

3⁻¹ mod 11

3·4 = 12 ≡ 1

3x ≡ 1 (mod 11)
4
ϟ

Not invertible

gcd(2,4)=2

2x ≡ 1 (mod 4)
NOT_INVERTIBLE

Modular Inverse calculator specification

Version 1.1.0 · Engine tested

Calculation status

Review policy · Evidence

Definition
x is a modular inverse of a modulo m when a x ≡ 1 (mod m). This page is mode=inverse on the modulo engine. Remainder and GCF are separate intents.
What it calculates
x in [0, |m|) with a x ≡ 1 (mod m) when gcd(a,m)=1.
Inputs
  • a
  • modulus
Outputs
  • inverse
  • gcd
  • identity
Formula
ax ≡ 1 (mod m)
Assumptions
  • Integers
  • Euclidean remainder convention
  • |m| ≥ 2
  • Not GCF
Units
  • dimensionless
Boundary conditions
  • gcd ≠ 1 → NOT_INVERTIBLE
  • |m| < 2 → INVALID_INPUT
  • modulus = 0 → DIVISION_BY_ZERO
Example
a=3 modulus=11 → inverse=4
Validation cases

2 published on this page · 13/13 tests · Production surface contract 6/6 · View evidence

  • a=3 modulus=11 → inverse=4
  • a=2 modulus=4 → error NOT_INVERTIBLE
Specification basis
  • ISO 80000-2:2019 Quantities and units — Mathematics
  • Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, extended Euclidean algorithm
Calculation version
1.1.0

Other calculators in this family: Arithmetic Sequence Calculator, Factorial Calculator, Fibonacci Calculator, GCF Calculator, Geometric Sequence Calculator, LCM Calculator, Modulo Calculator, Permutation Combination Calculator . Explore all Number Theory & Discrete Math.

→ Arithmetic Sequence Calculator Nth term and partial sum of an integer arithmetic sequence. Same engine as Sequence. Not geometric. Runs locally. › → Factorial Calculator Calculate n! for integers 0 ≤ n ≤ 5000. Fast local exact integers with shareable, machine-readable results. › → Fibonacci Calculator Fibonacci numbers F_n for n ≤ 1000. F_0=0, F_1=1. Same engine as Sequence. Exact BigInt. Runs locally. › → GCF Calculator Find the GCF, GCD, or HCF of two or more integers. Exact BigInt Euclidean fold with factor and prime cross-checks. Free, no sign-up. › → Geometric Sequence Calculator Nth term and partial sum of an integer geometric sequence. Same engine as Sequence. Not arithmetic. Runs locally. › → LCM Calculator Find the LCM of two or more integers with exact arithmetic and independent verification. Free, no sign-up. › → Modulo Calculator Integer remainder with a = q·m + r and 0 ≤ r < |m|. Euclidean convention, not JavaScript truncated %. › → Permutation Combination Calculator Exact P(n,k) and C(n,k) for integers 0 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 1000. Multiplicative BigInt, local-first. Not the factorial calculator. ›

Frequently asked questions

Key distinctions behind the calculation.

Is this a second GCF calculator?

No. gcd is computed only to decide invertibility. GCF stays /calc/math/gcf.

Is this a second remainder page?

No. It is mode=inverse on math.modulo, the same engine as /calc/math/modulo.

Where does this run?

Locally in the browser by default. REST and MCP call the same modulo engine.