Calculators
Math calculators
158 tools
Arithmetic, percentages, trigonometry, and more.
Browse by topic
Family pages are registry-driven. Calculator URLs stay /calc/math/… Tools may appear in more than one topic.
- Basic Arithmetic Add, subtract, multiply, divide, fractions, and scientific notation. · 6 tools
- Percent, Ratio & Proportion Percentage, percent change, percent error, ratios, and proportions. · 5 tools
- Powers, Roots & Logarithms Exponents, roots, log, ln, antilog, and exponential growth. · 7 tools
- Number Theory & Discrete Math GCF, LCM, factorial, permutations and combinations, Euclidean remainder, modular inverse, sequences, and prime factorization. · 11 tools
- Algebra & Equations Quadratic formula, linear ax + b = rhs, inequalities, and polynomial roots. Equation Workspace composes those engines with one nonlinear root and small Ax=b. Matrix tools live on Linear Algebra. · 11 tools
- Linear Algebra Small real matrices: Ax=b, det, inverse, rank, LU, QR, SVD, least squares, RREF, condition number, four fundamental subspaces, and eigenvalues. Same engine as the matrix workspace. · 16 tools
- Trigonometry & Triangles Sin, cos, tan, inverse trig, and the general triangle solver. · 8 tools
- Geometry Pythagorean theorem, general triangles, circles, conics, and plane figures. Vectors, solids, and analytic geometry have their own Families. · 17 tools
- Analytic Geometry Lines, point–line distance, and intersections in the plane. Not the coordinate-geometry calculator slug. · 5 tools
- Vectors 2-D and 3-D vectors: magnitude, add, dot, cross, angle, projection, and scalar triple. Not the vector calculator slug. · 10 tools
- Solid Geometry Sphere, cylinder, cone, platonic solids, frustum, and spherical caps. Not the solid-geometry calculator slug. · 21 tools
- Complex Numbers Rectangular and polar arithmetic, integer powers, nth roots, and Euler form. · 5 tools
- Numerical Calculus Numerical roots, trapezoid/Simpson/Gauss integrals, interpolation, derivatives, 1-D minimization, and scalar ODE (Euler/RK4). Function Workspace keeps one poly, sin, or exp across a root, a derivative, an integral, and a minimum. Numerical Workspace compares the methods of those engines, plus interpolation, on one problem. Not symbolic CAS. Specials and transforms have their own Families. · 16 tools
- Special Functions Gamma, erf, Bessel J/Y/I/K, Lambert W, Beta, and sinc. Not a special-function encyclopedia. · 13 tools
- Transforms Discrete Fourier, FFT, Laplace, and Z. Not a CAS symbolic transform table. · 9 tools
Popular
Featured tools from the Family registry.
- Sum Calculator Add decimal lists exactly, find totals and means, or check long addition with carry steps. Supports negatives, scientific notation, and shareable results.
- Fractions Calculator Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions or mixed numbers. Simplify, convert decimals, follow exact steps, and share or export complete versioned results.
- Scientific Notation Calculator Convert decimal, scientific, E and engineering notation; normalize coefficients and calculate with powers of ten. See steps, limits and shareable results.
- Percentage Calculator Calculate percentages, percentage of a number, and “what percent is X of Y” with clear arithmetic steps. Runs locally in your browser. Try it free.
- Ratio Calculator Simplify, scale, split and compare exact ratios, solve proportions, and convert parts to percentages. See formulas, input limits, worked steps and exports.
- Log Calculator Solve logarithms for the result, argument or base. Explore real graphs, view calculation steps, and share or export complete results for REST and MCP use.
- Exponent Calculator Calculate real powers, solve for a base or exponent, and keep both real roots when needed. Check domain limits, view graphs, share results, and export data.
- Square Root Calculator Find principal real or imaginary square roots with worked steps and a live graph. Share inputs, export complete results, or use the REST and MCP interfaces.
Basic Arithmetic
Add, subtract, multiply, divide, fractions, and scientific notation.
- Division Calculator Divide numbers with quotient, remainder, and decimal results for quick arithmetic checks. Runs locally in your browser. Free online tool — no sign-up.
- Fractions Calculator Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions or mixed numbers. Simplify, convert decimals, follow exact steps, and share or export complete versioned results.
- Multiplication Calculator Multiply two numbers instantly, or see long multiplication with partial products, carrying, decimals, and sign rules. Runs locally in your browser.
- Scientific Notation Calculator Convert decimal, scientific, E and engineering notation; normalize coefficients and calculate with powers of ten. See steps, limits and shareable results.
- Subtraction Calculator Solve a missing subtraction term or see exact decimal long subtraction with borrowing. Compare modes, check input limits, and share or export complete results.
- Sum Calculator Add decimal lists exactly, find totals and means, or check long addition with carry steps. Supports negatives, scientific notation, and shareable results.
Percent, Ratio & Proportion
Percentage, percent change, percent error, ratios, and proportions.
- Percent Error Calculator Calculate absolute or signed percent error, solve for observed or accepted values, and inspect every inverse branch, numerical limit, formula and export.
- Percentage Calculator Calculate percentages, percentage of a number, and “what percent is X of Y” with clear arithmetic steps. Runs locally in your browser. Try it free.
- Percentage Change Calculator Calculate percentage increase or decrease and reverse-solve initial or final values. See complete signed solutions, formulas, and numerical limits.
- Proportion Calculator Solve a proportion for one missing term using exact rational arithmetic. Enter integers, decimals or fractions; check nonzero denominators and worked steps.
- Ratio Calculator Simplify, scale, split and compare exact ratios, solve proportions, and convert parts to percentages. See formulas, input limits, worked steps and exports.
Powers, Roots & Logarithms
Exponents, roots, log, ln, antilog, and exponential growth.
- Antilog Calculator Calculate x = b^y with base 10, e, 2 or any positive base except 1. Explore examples, precision limits and comparison tables, then share or export results.
- Exponent Calculator Calculate real powers, solve for a base or exponent, and keep both real roots when needed. Check domain limits, view graphs, share results, and export data.
- Exponential Growth Calculator Calculate exponential growth or decay with periodic or continuous models. Solve value, time, initial amount, or rate, and compare all four inputs online.
- Log Calculator Solve logarithms for the result, argument or base. Explore real graphs, view calculation steps, and share or export complete results for REST and MCP use.
- Natural Log (ln) Calculator Calculate ln(x) for positive numbers with steps, a live graph and an exponential reverse check. Share results or export full precision for REST and MCP use.
- Root Calculator Calculate square, cube, and nth real roots with a live graph. Check negative radicands and index limits, then share inputs or export full precision results.
- Square Root Calculator Find principal real or imaginary square roots with worked steps and a live graph. Share inputs, export complete results, or use the REST and MCP interfaces.
Number Theory & Discrete Math
GCF, LCM, factorial, permutations and combinations, Euclidean remainder, modular inverse, sequences, and prime factorization.
- Arithmetic Sequence Calculator Find an exact integer arithmetic sequence term and finite sum from the first term, common difference and index. Check limits, worked steps and full exports.
- Factorial Calculator Calculate factorials from 0! to 5000! locally. See digit counts and product steps, share inputs, and export every digit with versioned JSON or CSV results.
- Fibonacci Calculator Calculate exact Fibonacci numbers from F₀ = 0 and F₁ = 1 through index 1000. View the preceding term, partial sum, worked steps and complete integer exports.
- GCF Calculator Find the GCF, GCD, or HCF of two or more integers, including exact 48-digit values. See Euclidean steps, factor checks, and complete exports. Free, no sign-up.
- Geometric Sequence Calculator Find exact integer geometric sequence terms and finite sums, including zero, one and negative ratios. Check input limits, worked steps and complete exports.
- LCM Calculator Find the LCM or LCD of two or more integers, including exact 48-digit inputs. Compare methods, read full working, and share or export results. Free, no sign-up.
- Modular Inverse Calculator Find exact modular inverses for coprime signed integers up to 48 digits. Check the original Bézout identity, reject invalid inputs, and export complete results.
- Modulo Calculator Find exact Euclidean quotients and remainders for signed integers up to 48 digits. Check identities, calculate modular inverses, and share complete results.
Algebra & Equations
Quadratic formula, linear ax + b = rhs, inequalities, and polynomial roots. Equation Workspace composes those engines with one nonlinear root and small Ax=b. Matrix tools live on Linear Algebra.
- Absolute Value Calculator Solve absolute value equations in one variable. Find zero, one, two, or infinitely many solutions, preserve small roots, and share or export the full result.
- Absolute Value Inequality Calculator Solve absolute value inequalities with open or closed bounds. Inspect bounded intervals, unions, and degenerate cases, then share or export the solution set.
- Cubic Equation Calculator Solve real cubic equations with Cardano and trigonometric forms. Inspect all three roots, repeated roots, numerical limits, share inputs, and export results.
- Linear Equation Calculator Solve linear equations in one variable, including identities and inconsistent cases. Compare coefficient decisions, share inputs, or export the full result.
- Linear Inequality Calculator Solve linear inequalities with strict or inclusive bounds. Reverse the relation for negative coefficients, inspect the number line, and export the solution set.
- Polynomial Evaluate Calculator Evaluate real polynomials of degree 1–8 with exact rational Horner arithmetic and one binary64 rounding. Inspect numerical limits, share inputs, and export.
- Polynomial Roots Calculator Find all roots of real polynomials of degree 1–8, including complex and repeated roots. Check numerical limits, share inputs, and export complete results.
- Quadratic Formula Calculator Solve real quadratic equations with two, repeated, or complex roots. Inspect the discriminant, vertex, numerical limits, worked steps, and complete exports.
Linear Algebra
Small real matrices: Ax=b, det, inverse, rank, LU, QR, SVD, least squares, RREF, condition number, four fundamental subspaces, and eigenvalues. Same engine as the matrix workspace.
- Cholesky Factorization Calculator Lower Cholesky factorization of a small real symmetric positive-definite matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Not LU. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Column Space Calculator Column space (image) of a small real square matrix from RREF pivot columns. Same engine as Linear System. Trivial image is {0}. Left-nullspace is a sibling. Runs locally.
- Condition Number Calculator κ₁(A) = ‖A‖₁ ‖A⁻¹‖₁ for a small real square matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Singular matrices return infinite. Not a 2-norm product. Runs locally.
- Least Squares Calculator Linear least squares for a small real matrix, square or rectangular. Full column rank uses QR; otherwise SVD. Same engine as Linear System. Not Statistics regression. Runs locally.
- Left Nullspace Calculator Left-nullspace (cokernel) of a small real square matrix as ker(Aᵀ). Same engine as Linear System. Trivial left kernel is {0}. Not Jordan form. Runs locally.
- Linear System Calculator Solve small linear systems Ax = b, plus det, inverse, rank, LU, Cholesky, QR, SVD, least squares, RREF, condition number, nullspace, column space, rowspace, left-nullspace, and eigenvalues. Same engine as the matrix workspace. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- LU Factorization Calculator Doolittle LU factorization with partial pivoting for a small real matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Matrix Determinant Calculator Determinant of a small real matrix. Same engine as Linear System and the matrix workspace. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
Trigonometry & Triangles
Sin, cos, tan, inverse trig, and the general triangle solver.
- Arccos Calculator Calculate the principal arccosine in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, input limits, worked examples, and NIST reference sources.
- Arcsin Calculator Calculate the principal arcsine in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, input limits, worked examples, and NIST reference sources.
- Arctan Calculator Calculate the principal arctangent in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, rounding limits, worked examples, and NIST references.
- Cos Calculator Calculate cosine from degrees, radians, or triangle side ratios. Inspect numerical limits, share precise inputs, export results, and call the REST or MCP API.
- Pythagorean Theorem Calculator Solve a right triangle with a² + b² = c². Enter any two of legs a, b and hypotenuse c to find the third side, plus area and perimeter. Try it free.
- Sin Calculator Calculate sine in degrees or radians, or from opposite and hypotenuse lengths. Preserve tiny results, inspect limits and worked steps, and export full inputs.
- Tan Calculator Calculate tangent in degrees or radians with stable angle reduction, clear pole errors, near-singularity warnings, full-precision exports and shareable results.
- Triangle Solver Solve triangle sides, angles, area and perimeter with SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS or SSA. Inspect every solution, numerical limits and complete shareable result exports.
Geometry
Pythagorean theorem, general triangles, circles, conics, and plane figures. Vectors, solids, and analytic geometry have their own Families.
- Annulus Calculator Calculate annulus area and perimeter with complete numerical results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Arc Calculator Calculate circular arc length from radius and central angle in degrees. See the radian formula, worked examples, units, and mathematical sources.
- Circle Calculator Calculate circle radius, diameter, circumference, area, arc length, and sector area. Explore formulas, worked examples, units, and mathematical sources.
- Conic Section Calculator Explore ellipse, parabola and hyperbola geometry: calculate foci, eccentricity and equations, inspect numerical limits, and share or export complete results.
- Ellipse Calculator Calculate ellipse area, foci, eccentricity and approximate perimeter from two semiaxes. Inspect formulas, numerical limits, figures and complete result exports.
- Hyperbola Calculator Calculate hyperbola foci, eccentricity and asymptote slopes from positive semiaxes. Choose orientation, inspect numerical limits and export complete results.
- Irregular Polygon Calculator Calculate irregular polygon area and perimeter with full results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Parabola Calculator Find the focus, directrix and equation of a horizontal or vertical parabola from its signed focal parameter. Explore figures, limits and full result exports.
Analytic Geometry
Lines, point–line distance, and intersections in the plane. Not the coordinate-geometry calculator slug.
- Angle Between Lines Calculator Find the smaller angle between two planar lines in degrees and radians. Check parallel or perpendicular status, numerical limits, figures, sharing and exports.
- Coordinate Geometry Calculator Calculate planar distance, midpoint, slope and line relationships. Inspect formulas, numerical limits, figures, share links and full coordinate results locally.
- Line Equation Calculator Find the line through two points, including vertical lines. Read slope and standard forms, inspect numeric limits, and share or export coordinate results.
- Line Intersection Calculator Intersect two infinite planar lines defined by points. Distinguish unique, parallel and coincident results; inspect numerical limits, figures and full exports.
- Point Line Distance Calculator Find the distance and perpendicular foot from a point to a two-point line. Inspect formulas, numeric limits and a figure, then share or export complete results.
Vectors
2-D and 3-D vectors: magnitude, add, dot, cross, angle, projection, and scalar triple. Not the vector calculator slug.
- Cross Product Calculator Calculate vector cross products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Dot Product Calculator Calculate vector dot products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Scalar Triple Product Calculator Calculate scalar triple products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Add Calculator Calculate vector addition in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Angle Calculator Calculate the included vector angle in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Calculator Calculate nine vector operations in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Magnitude Calculator Calculate vector magnitude in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Normalize Calculator Calculate unit vectors in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
Solid Geometry
Sphere, cylinder, cone, platonic solids, frustum, and spherical caps. Not the solid-geometry calculator slug.
- Cone Calculator Calculate measures for a right cone with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Cylinder Calculator Calculate measures for a right cylinder with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Dodecahedron Calculator Calculate measures for a dodecahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Ellipsoid Calculator Calculate measures for an ellipsoid with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Frustum Calculator Calculate measures for a conical frustum with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Icosahedron Calculator Calculate measures for an icosahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Octahedron Calculator Calculate measures for an octahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Prism Calculator Calculate measures for a rectangular prism with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
Complex Numbers
Rectangular and polar arithmetic, integer powers, nth roots, and Euler form.
- Complex Number Calculator Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers. Convert polar forms, calculate integer powers and all nth roots, with an Argand diagram and numeric limits.
- Complex Polar Calculator Convert complex numbers between rectangular and polar forms in degrees. Inspect the modulus, principal argument, Argand diagram, worked examples and limits.
- Complex Power Calculator Calculate positive, zero and negative integer powers of complex numbers. View rectangular and polar results, an Argand diagram, examples and numerical limits.
- Complex Roots Calculator Calculate every nth root of a complex number and identify the principal root. View all roots on an Argand diagram, export complete results and inspect limits.
- Euler Form Calculator Convert rectangular or polar complex numbers into Euler form with angles in degrees. Explore the Argand diagram, worked examples and numerical limits.
Numerical Calculus
Numerical roots, trapezoid/Simpson/Gauss integrals, interpolation, derivatives, 1-D minimization, and scalar ODE (Euler/RK4). Function Workspace keeps one poly, sin, or exp across a root, a derivative, an integral, and a minimum. Numerical Workspace compares the methods of those engines, plus interpolation, on one problem. Not symbolic CAS. Specials and transforms have their own Families.
- Brent Method Calculator Brent’s method (golden section plus inverse parabolic interpolation) for a minimum of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as One-Dimensional Optimization. Not root-finding Brent. Runs locally.
- Definite Integral Calculator Composite trapezoid, Simpson 1/3, or Gauss–Legendre of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Not indefinite symbolic integrate. Runs locally.
- Euler Method Calculator Forward Euler for a scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y). Same engine as Ordinary Differential Equation. Not RK4, not rk45, not a system. Runs locally.
- Gauss Quadrature Calculator n-point Gauss–Legendre quadrature of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as Definite Integral. Not indefinite CAS. Runs locally.
- Golden Section Search Calculator Golden-section search for a minimum of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as One-Dimensional Optimization. Not Brent, not multivariate. Runs locally.
- Nonlinear Equation Calculator Solve a polynomial or sin x for one approximate real zero using Newton, bisection, or secant. Inspect the residual and stopping reason. Calculate locally.
- Numerical Derivative Calculator Finite-difference derivative of a polynomial, sin, or exp, plus a numeric two-sided limit. Central, forward, backward, or limit. Discovery /two-sided-limit. Not symbolic d/dx. Runs locally.
- Numerical Interpolation Calculator Piecewise-linear, Lagrange, or natural cubic spline of tabulated (x, y). Not regression, not CAS. Runs locally.
Special Functions
Gamma, erf, Bessel J/Y/I/K, Lambert W, Beta, and sinc. Not a special-function encyclopedia.
- Bessel I Calculator Evaluate modified Bessel I functions for integer orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel J Calculator Evaluate integer-order Bessel J functions for orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel K Calculator Evaluate modified Bessel K functions for positive x, orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel Y Calculator Evaluate Bessel Y functions for positive x and orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Beta Function Calculator Calculate the complete Euler beta function B(x,y). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Error Function Calculator Calculate erf(x) and the complementary error function erfc(x). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Gamma Function Calculator Calculate Gamma values for real inputs away from its poles. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Incomplete Beta Calculator Calculate incomplete beta Bx(a,b) and regularized Ix(a,b). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
Transforms
Discrete Fourier, FFT, Laplace, and Z. Not a CAS symbolic transform table.
- DFT Calculator Compute the direct DFT for real or complex sequences of 1–64 samples. Inspect every frequency bin and magnitude, share precise inputs and export full results.
- Discrete Fourier Transform Calculator Compute DFT, inverse DFT, FFT and IFFT for real or complex sequences up to 64 samples. Compare all bins, inspect magnitudes, share inputs and export results.
- FFT Calculator Compute radix-2 FFT for real or complex sequences with power-of-two lengths up to 64. Inspect all frequency bins, share inputs and export complete results.
- Inverse DFT Calculator Compute the inverse DFT with 1/N normalization for real or complex sequences up to 64 samples. Inspect all samples, share inputs and export complete results.
- Inverse FFT Calculator Compute radix-2 inverse FFT with 1/N normalization for sequences of 1–64 samples at power-of-two lengths. Inspect samples, share inputs and export all results.
- Inverse Laplace Calculator Evaluate inverse Laplace table pairs at nonnegative time. Check formulas, causal limits, numerical warnings, graphs and reproducible share links.
- Inverse Z Calculator Evaluate causal inverse Z-transform table pairs at integer sample indices. Check formulas, ROC, numerical warnings, stem plots and reproducible share links.
- Laplace Transform Calculator Evaluate eight causal Laplace pairs or their inverse with real inputs. See formulas, ROC limits, numerical warnings, graphs and shareable results.
Differential Equations
Scalar first-order IVP (Euler / RK4). Family URL waits until five Entries; ODE stays primary on Numerical Calculus until then.
- Euler Method Calculator Forward Euler for a scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y). Same engine as Ordinary Differential Equation. Not RK4, not rk45, not a system. Runs locally.
- Ordinary Differential Equation Calculator Scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y) by Euler or classical RK4. rhs linear is y′=k y; poly is y′=p(t). Not rk45, not systems, not PDE, not CAS. Runs locally.
- Runge–Kutta Calculator Classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta for a scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y). Same engine as Ordinary Differential Equation. Not Euler, not rk45, not a system. Runs locally.
All Math calculators
Full list for search and crawl.
- Absolute Value Calculator Solve absolute value equations in one variable. Find zero, one, two, or infinitely many solutions, preserve small roots, and share or export the full result.
- Absolute Value Inequality Calculator Solve absolute value inequalities with open or closed bounds. Inspect bounded intervals, unions, and degenerate cases, then share or export the solution set.
- Angle Between Lines Calculator Find the smaller angle between two planar lines in degrees and radians. Check parallel or perpendicular status, numerical limits, figures, sharing and exports.
- Annulus Calculator Calculate annulus area and perimeter with complete numerical results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Antilog Calculator Calculate x = b^y with base 10, e, 2 or any positive base except 1. Explore examples, precision limits and comparison tables, then share or export results.
- Arc Calculator Calculate circular arc length from radius and central angle in degrees. See the radian formula, worked examples, units, and mathematical sources.
- Arccos Calculator Calculate the principal arccosine in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, input limits, worked examples, and NIST reference sources.
- Arcsin Calculator Calculate the principal arcsine in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, input limits, worked examples, and NIST reference sources.
- Arctan Calculator Calculate the principal arctangent in degrees and radians. Explore its graph, exact common angles, rounding limits, worked examples, and NIST references.
- Arithmetic Sequence Calculator Find an exact integer arithmetic sequence term and finite sum from the first term, common difference and index. Check limits, worked steps and full exports.
- Bessel I Calculator Evaluate modified Bessel I functions for integer orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel J Calculator Evaluate integer-order Bessel J functions for orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel K Calculator Evaluate modified Bessel K functions for positive x, orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Bessel Y Calculator Evaluate Bessel Y functions for positive x and orders 0–8. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Beta Function Calculator Calculate the complete Euler beta function B(x,y). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Brent Method Calculator Brent’s method (golden section plus inverse parabolic interpolation) for a minimum of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as One-Dimensional Optimization. Not root-finding Brent. Runs locally.
- Cholesky Factorization Calculator Lower Cholesky factorization of a small real symmetric positive-definite matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Not LU. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Circle Calculator Calculate circle radius, diameter, circumference, area, arc length, and sector area. Explore formulas, worked examples, units, and mathematical sources.
- Column Space Calculator Column space (image) of a small real square matrix from RREF pivot columns. Same engine as Linear System. Trivial image is {0}. Left-nullspace is a sibling. Runs locally.
- Complex Number Calculator Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers. Convert polar forms, calculate integer powers and all nth roots, with an Argand diagram and numeric limits.
- Complex Polar Calculator Convert complex numbers between rectangular and polar forms in degrees. Inspect the modulus, principal argument, Argand diagram, worked examples and limits.
- Complex Power Calculator Calculate positive, zero and negative integer powers of complex numbers. View rectangular and polar results, an Argand diagram, examples and numerical limits.
- Complex Roots Calculator Calculate every nth root of a complex number and identify the principal root. View all roots on an Argand diagram, export complete results and inspect limits.
- Condition Number Calculator κ₁(A) = ‖A‖₁ ‖A⁻¹‖₁ for a small real square matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Singular matrices return infinite. Not a 2-norm product. Runs locally.
- Cone Calculator Calculate measures for a right cone with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Conic Section Calculator Explore ellipse, parabola and hyperbola geometry: calculate foci, eccentricity and equations, inspect numerical limits, and share or export complete results.
- Coordinate Geometry Calculator Calculate planar distance, midpoint, slope and line relationships. Inspect formulas, numerical limits, figures, share links and full coordinate results locally.
- Cos Calculator Calculate cosine from degrees, radians, or triangle side ratios. Inspect numerical limits, share precise inputs, export results, and call the REST or MCP API.
- Cross Product Calculator Calculate vector cross products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Cubic Equation Calculator Solve real cubic equations with Cardano and trigonometric forms. Inspect all three roots, repeated roots, numerical limits, share inputs, and export results.
- Cylinder Calculator Calculate measures for a right cylinder with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Definite Integral Calculator Composite trapezoid, Simpson 1/3, or Gauss–Legendre of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Not indefinite symbolic integrate. Runs locally.
- DFT Calculator Compute the direct DFT for real or complex sequences of 1–64 samples. Inspect every frequency bin and magnitude, share precise inputs and export full results.
- Discrete Fourier Transform Calculator Compute DFT, inverse DFT, FFT and IFFT for real or complex sequences up to 64 samples. Compare all bins, inspect magnitudes, share inputs and export results.
- Division Calculator Divide numbers with quotient, remainder, and decimal results for quick arithmetic checks. Runs locally in your browser. Free online tool — no sign-up.
- Dodecahedron Calculator Calculate measures for a dodecahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Dot Product Calculator Calculate vector dot products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Ellipse Calculator Calculate ellipse area, foci, eccentricity and approximate perimeter from two semiaxes. Inspect formulas, numerical limits, figures and complete result exports.
- Ellipsoid Calculator Calculate measures for an ellipsoid with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Error Function Calculator Calculate erf(x) and the complementary error function erfc(x). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Euler Form Calculator Convert rectangular or polar complex numbers into Euler form with angles in degrees. Explore the Argand diagram, worked examples and numerical limits.
- Euler Method Calculator Forward Euler for a scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y). Same engine as Ordinary Differential Equation. Not RK4, not rk45, not a system. Runs locally.
- Exponent Calculator Calculate real powers, solve for a base or exponent, and keep both real roots when needed. Check domain limits, view graphs, share results, and export data.
- Exponential Growth Calculator Calculate exponential growth or decay with periodic or continuous models. Solve value, time, initial amount, or rate, and compare all four inputs online.
- Factorial Calculator Calculate factorials from 0! to 5000! locally. See digit counts and product steps, share inputs, and export every digit with versioned JSON or CSV results.
- FFT Calculator Compute radix-2 FFT for real or complex sequences with power-of-two lengths up to 64. Inspect all frequency bins, share inputs and export complete results.
- Fibonacci Calculator Calculate exact Fibonacci numbers from F₀ = 0 and F₁ = 1 through index 1000. View the preceding term, partial sum, worked steps and complete integer exports.
- Fractions Calculator Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions or mixed numbers. Simplify, convert decimals, follow exact steps, and share or export complete versioned results.
- Frustum Calculator Calculate measures for a conical frustum with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Gamma Function Calculator Calculate Gamma values for real inputs away from its poles. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Gauss Quadrature Calculator n-point Gauss–Legendre quadrature of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as Definite Integral. Not indefinite CAS. Runs locally.
- GCF Calculator Find the GCF, GCD, or HCF of two or more integers, including exact 48-digit values. See Euclidean steps, factor checks, and complete exports. Free, no sign-up.
- Geometric Sequence Calculator Find exact integer geometric sequence terms and finite sums, including zero, one and negative ratios. Check input limits, worked steps and complete exports.
- Golden Section Search Calculator Golden-section search for a minimum of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as One-Dimensional Optimization. Not Brent, not multivariate. Runs locally.
- Hyperbola Calculator Calculate hyperbola foci, eccentricity and asymptote slopes from positive semiaxes. Choose orientation, inspect numerical limits and export complete results.
- Icosahedron Calculator Calculate measures for an icosahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Incomplete Beta Calculator Calculate incomplete beta Bx(a,b) and regularized Ix(a,b). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Inverse DFT Calculator Compute the inverse DFT with 1/N normalization for real or complex sequences up to 64 samples. Inspect all samples, share inputs and export complete results.
- Inverse FFT Calculator Compute radix-2 inverse FFT with 1/N normalization for sequences of 1–64 samples at power-of-two lengths. Inspect samples, share inputs and export all results.
- Inverse Laplace Calculator Evaluate inverse Laplace table pairs at nonnegative time. Check formulas, causal limits, numerical warnings, graphs and reproducible share links.
- Inverse Z Calculator Evaluate causal inverse Z-transform table pairs at integer sample indices. Check formulas, ROC, numerical warnings, stem plots and reproducible share links.
- Irregular Polygon Calculator Calculate irregular polygon area and perimeter with full results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Lambert W Calculator Calculate the principal real Lambert W branch W0(x). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Lambert W₋₁ Calculator Calculate the secondary real Lambert W branch W-1(x). Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Laplace Transform Calculator Evaluate eight causal Laplace pairs or their inverse with real inputs. See formulas, ROC limits, numerical warnings, graphs and shareable results.
- LCM Calculator Find the LCM or LCD of two or more integers, including exact 48-digit inputs. Compare methods, read full working, and share or export results. Free, no sign-up.
- Least Squares Calculator Linear least squares for a small real matrix, square or rectangular. Full column rank uses QR; otherwise SVD. Same engine as Linear System. Not Statistics regression. Runs locally.
- Left Nullspace Calculator Left-nullspace (cokernel) of a small real square matrix as ker(Aᵀ). Same engine as Linear System. Trivial left kernel is {0}. Not Jordan form. Runs locally.
- Line Equation Calculator Find the line through two points, including vertical lines. Read slope and standard forms, inspect numeric limits, and share or export coordinate results.
- Line Intersection Calculator Intersect two infinite planar lines defined by points. Distinguish unique, parallel and coincident results; inspect numerical limits, figures and full exports.
- Linear Equation Calculator Solve linear equations in one variable, including identities and inconsistent cases. Compare coefficient decisions, share inputs, or export the full result.
- Linear Inequality Calculator Solve linear inequalities with strict or inclusive bounds. Reverse the relation for negative coefficients, inspect the number line, and export the solution set.
- Linear System Calculator Solve small linear systems Ax = b, plus det, inverse, rank, LU, Cholesky, QR, SVD, least squares, RREF, condition number, nullspace, column space, rowspace, left-nullspace, and eigenvalues. Same engine as the matrix workspace. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Log Calculator Solve logarithms for the result, argument or base. Explore real graphs, view calculation steps, and share or export complete results for REST and MCP use.
- LU Factorization Calculator Doolittle LU factorization with partial pivoting for a small real matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Matrix Determinant Calculator Determinant of a small real matrix. Same engine as Linear System and the matrix workspace. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Matrix Eigenvalues Calculator Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a small real matrix via the characteristic polynomial. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Matrix Inverse Calculator Inverse of a small real matrix via Gauss–Jordan. Same engine as Linear System. Singular matrices fail. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Matrix Rank Calculator Rank of a small real matrix via Gaussian elimination. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Modular Inverse Calculator Find exact modular inverses for coprime signed integers up to 48 digits. Check the original Bézout identity, reject invalid inputs, and export complete results.
- Modulo Calculator Find exact Euclidean quotients and remainders for signed integers up to 48 digits. Check identities, calculate modular inverses, and share complete results.
- Multiplication Calculator Multiply two numbers instantly, or see long multiplication with partial products, carrying, decimals, and sign rules. Runs locally in your browser.
- Natural Log (ln) Calculator Calculate ln(x) for positive numbers with steps, a live graph and an exponential reverse check. Share results or export full precision for REST and MCP use.
- Nonlinear Equation Calculator Solve a polynomial or sin x for one approximate real zero using Newton, bisection, or secant. Inspect the residual and stopping reason. Calculate locally.
- Normalized Sinc Calculator Calculate normalized sinc(x) = sin(πx)/(πx), with sinc(0)=1. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Nullspace Calculator Right nullspace of a small real square matrix from RREF. Same engine as Linear System. Trivial kernel is {0}. Left-nullspace is a sibling. Runs locally.
- Numerical Derivative Calculator Finite-difference derivative of a polynomial, sin, or exp, plus a numeric two-sided limit. Central, forward, backward, or limit. Discovery /two-sided-limit. Not symbolic d/dx. Runs locally.
- Numerical Interpolation Calculator Piecewise-linear, Lagrange, or natural cubic spline of tabulated (x, y). Not regression, not CAS. Runs locally.
- Numerical Root Calculator Find one approximate real zero of a polynomial or sin x using Newton, bisection, or secant. Inspect the residual and stopping reason. Calculate locally.
- Octahedron Calculator Calculate measures for an octahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- One-Dimensional Optimization Calculator Minimize a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b] by golden-section search or Brent. Not multivariate, not max, not CAS. Runs locally.
- Ordinary Differential Equation Calculator Scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y) by Euler or classical RK4. rhs linear is y′=k y; poly is y′=p(t). Not rk45, not systems, not PDE, not CAS. Runs locally.
- Parabola Calculator Find the focus, directrix and equation of a horizontal or vertical parabola from its signed focal parameter. Explore figures, limits and full result exports.
- Parallelogram Calculator Calculate parallelogram area and perimeter with full results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Percent Error Calculator Calculate absolute or signed percent error, solve for observed or accepted values, and inspect every inverse branch, numerical limit, formula and export.
- Percentage Calculator Calculate percentages, percentage of a number, and “what percent is X of Y” with clear arithmetic steps. Runs locally in your browser. Try it free.
- Percentage Change Calculator Calculate percentage increase or decrease and reverse-solve initial or final values. See complete signed solutions, formulas, and numerical limits.
- Permutation Combination Calculator Calculate exact permutations and combinations for 0 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 1000. Compare ordered and unordered selections, share inputs, and export the complete count.
- Plane Geometry Calculator Calculate plane shape area and perimeter with full results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Point Line Distance Calculator Find the distance and perpendicular foot from a point to a two-point line. Inspect formulas, numeric limits and a figure, then share or export complete results.
- Polynomial Evaluate Calculator Evaluate real polynomials of degree 1–8 with exact rational Horner arithmetic and one binary64 rounding. Inspect numerical limits, share inputs, and export.
- Polynomial Roots Calculator Find all roots of real polynomials of degree 1–8, including complex and repeated roots. Check numerical limits, share inputs, and export complete results.
- Prime Factorization Calculator Find exact prime factors and test primality for integers from 1 to 10^12. Check exponents, view complete factorization steps, and export or share results.
- Prism Calculator Calculate measures for a rectangular prism with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Proportion Calculator Solve a proportion for one missing term using exact rational arithmetic. Enter integers, decimals or fractions; check nonzero denominators and worked steps.
- Pyramid Calculator Calculate measures for a centered pyramid with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Pythagorean Theorem Calculator Solve a right triangle with a² + b² = c². Enter any two of legs a, b and hypotenuse c to find the third side, plus area and perimeter. Try it free.
- QR Factorization Calculator Householder QR factorization of a small real matrix, square or rectangular. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Quadratic Formula Calculator Solve real quadratic equations with two, repeated, or complex roots. Inspect the discriminant, vertex, numerical limits, worked steps, and complete exports.
- Quadratic Inequality Calculator Find solution intervals for real quadratic inequalities. Choose strict or inclusive endpoints, inspect numerical limits, share raw inputs, and export results.
- Ratio Calculator Simplify, scale, split and compare exact ratios, solve proportions, and convert parts to percentages. See formulas, input limits, worked steps and exports.
- Rational Equation Calculator Solve rational equations in one variable while excluding denominator poles. Inspect identities, empty sets, and valid roots, then share or export full results.
- Rational Inequality Calculator Solve rational inequalities with exact coefficient decisions and excluded poles. Inspect open or closed solution intervals, share inputs, and export the set.
- Rectangle Calculator Calculate rectangle area and perimeter with complete numerical results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Regular Frustum Calculator Calculate measures for an n-gon frustum with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Regular Polygon Calculator Calculate regular polygon area and perimeter with full results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Regular Prism Calculator Calculate measures for an n-gon prism with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Regular Pyramid Calculator Calculate measures for an n-gon pyramid with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Root Calculator Calculate square, cube, and nth real roots with a live graph. Check negative radicands and index limits, then share inputs or export full precision results.
- Row Space Calculator Row space of a small real square matrix from nonzero RREF rows. Same engine as Linear System. Trivial rowspace is {0}. Left-nullspace is a sibling. Runs locally.
- RREF Calculator Gauss–Jordan reduced row echelon form for a small real square matrix. Same engine as Linear System. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Runge–Kutta Calculator Classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta for a scalar first-order IVP y′=f(t,y). Same engine as Ordinary Differential Equation. Not Euler, not rk45, not a system. Runs locally.
- Scalar Triple Product Calculator Calculate scalar triple products in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Scientific Notation Calculator Convert decimal, scientific, E and engineering notation; normalize coefficients and calculate with powers of ten. See steps, limits and shareable results.
- Sector Calculator Calculate sector area and arc length from radius and an angle in degrees. Explore formulas, worked examples, units, and trusted mathematical references.
- Sequence Calculator Calculate exact integer terms and sums for arithmetic, geometric, Fibonacci and linear recurrence sequences. Check indices, limits, examples and full exports.
- Simpson Rule Calculator Composite Simpson 1/3 of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as Definite Integral. Not indefinite CAS. Runs locally.
- Sin Calculator Calculate sine in degrees or radians, or from opposite and hypotenuse lengths. Preserve tiny results, inspect limits and worked steps, and export full inputs.
- Sinc Function Calculator Calculate unnormalized sinc(x) = sin(x)/x, with sinc(0)=1. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Solid Geometry Calculator Calculate measures for 20 solid models with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Special Functions Calculator Evaluate erf, Gamma, Bessel, Lambert W, beta and sinc. Explore a live graph, worked examples, input limits and shareable results computed locally.
- Sphere Calculator Calculate measures for a sphere with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spherical Cap Calculator Calculate measures for a spherical cap with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spherical Lune Calculator Calculate measures for a spherical lune with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spherical Sector Calculator Calculate measures for a spherical sector with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spherical Wedge Calculator Calculate measures for a spherical wedge with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spherical Zone Calculator Calculate measures for a spherical zone with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Spline Interpolation Calculator Natural cubic spline through tabulated (x, y). Same engine as Numerical Interpolation. Not Akima, PCHIP, or regression. Runs locally.
- Square Calculator Calculate square area and perimeter with complete numerical results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Square Root Calculator Find principal real or imaginary square roots with worked steps and a live graph. Share inputs, export complete results, or use the REST and MCP interfaces.
- Subtraction Calculator Solve a missing subtraction term or see exact decimal long subtraction with borrowing. Compare modes, check input limits, and share or export complete results.
- Sum Calculator Add decimal lists exactly, find totals and means, or check long addition with carry steps. Supports negatives, scientific notation, and shareable results.
- SVD Calculator Singular value decomposition of a small real matrix, square or rectangular. Same engine as Linear System. Least squares is a sibling discovery URL. Not a CAS. Runs locally.
- Tan Calculator Calculate tangent in degrees or radians with stable angle reduction, clear pole errors, near-singularity warnings, full-precision exports and shareable results.
- Tetrahedron Calculator Calculate measures for a tetrahedron with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Torus Calculator Calculate measures for a ring torus with consistent units. See formulas, numerical limits and a section diagram, then share or export complete results.
- Trapezoid Calculator Calculate trapezoid area and perimeter with complete numerical results, clear input limits, shareable links and CSV export. Runs locally in your browser.
- Trapezoidal Rule Calculator Composite trapezoidal rule of a polynomial, sin, or exp on [a, b]. Same engine as Definite Integral. Not the fluid trapezoid pages. Runs locally.
- Triangle Solver Solve triangle sides, angles, area and perimeter with SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS or SSA. Inspect every solution, numerical limits and complete shareable result exports.
- Two-Sided Limit Calculator Numeric two-sided limit of a polynomial, sin, or exp at a finite x. Same engine as Numerical Derivative. Not one-sided. Not L’Hôpital. Not a second engine. Runs locally.
- Vector Add Calculator Calculate vector addition in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Angle Calculator Calculate the included vector angle in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Calculator Calculate nine vector operations in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Magnitude Calculator Calculate vector magnitude in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Normalize Calculator Calculate unit vectors in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Projection Calculator Calculate vector projections in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Vector Subtract Calculator Calculate vector subtraction in 2D or 3D. Explore worked steps, numerical limits and verified results. Share inputs or export the complete calculation.
- Z Transform Calculator Evaluate eight causal Z-transform pairs or inverse sequences. Check real inputs, ROC limits, formulas, numerical warnings, graphs and shareable results.